Pathogens Associated with Common Human Diseases
This page lists human diseases and associated pathogens. Documentary links to online medical and research references are provided at the end of each entry. The long numbers are accession numbers of research articles available at PubMed. Click on a linked number to read an abstract (summary) of the article.
It is not possible to list all pathogens that are capable of causing certain conditions, such as pneumonia, food poisoning, meningitis, urine infections, respiratory viruses, etc. For such conditions, known common pathogens are shown. In some instances, newly emerging pathogens are still being researched and verified to cause disease.
This material provides disease information and references.
** It is not a listing of available frequency sets. **
For that list, please go here.
The information below is not intended to be used for diagnostic purposes.
For more details, please see the disclaimer.
Name of Condition ••• Associated Pathogen(s) ••• PubMed or other reference
A
Acne ••• Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus species; Malassezia species ••• 10809844
Actinomycosis ••• Actinomyces species (numerous) ••• eMedicine PMC4297926 18222714 25788515
African sleeping sickness ••• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (chronic variety, 95% of infections);
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (acute variety, 5% of infections) ••• WHO MedlinePlus CDC
African tick-bite fever ••• Rickettsia africae ••• 20233665 11357153
Alveococcosis (alveolar echinococcosis) ••• Echinococcus multilocularis ••• 20582310 18075150
Alzheimer's Disease (1) ••• Human herpesvirus 1 (aka Herpes simplex 1); Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae; Simian virus 40 ••• 17980964 15172740 17052268 17360920
Alzheimer's disease (2) ••• Treponema bacterial species; Fungal species, including Candida species ••• 21816039 26385886 25932012 26468932 25125470
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, motor neuron disease) ••• HTLV-1 (Human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1); Human foamy virus (also known as Human spumaretrovirus); Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K); Mycoplasma fermentans; Echovirus 7 ••• 10636120 12383408 11175327 8392664 26424568 PMC6091006
Anaplasmosis (also known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) ••• Anaplasma phagocytophilum ••• eMedicine CDC
Angiostrongyliasis ••• Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm), Angiostrongylus costaricensis (American rat lungworm) ••• CDC
Anthrax ••• Bacillus anthracis ••• CDC
Arthritis (rheumatoid and other types) ••• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma arthritidis, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma penetrans ••• 17122006 10685797 10402069
Arthritis (rheumatoid) ••• Mycoplasma species: arthritidis, fermentans, hominis, pneumoniae, penetrans; Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus); Chlamydia trachomatis ••• 2773570 11752504 17530675 10910176 10402069
Ascariasis ••• Ascaris suum (also known as Ascaris lumbricoides or Ascaris lumbricoides suum) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2
Aspergillosis ••• Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger (most common); Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus species ••• eMedicine
Astrakhan fever ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• 9082740
Athlete's foot (also known as tinea pedis) ••• Trichophyton rubrum (most common); Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum ••• eMedicine
Atopic eczema, see Eczema, atopic
Australian tick typhus (also known as Queensland tick typhus) ••• Rickettsia australis ••• Australia
Autism ••• Desulfovibrio species, Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium species ••• 20603222 22202440 21592674 12173102
B
Babesiosis ••• Babesia microti, Babesia divergens (especially in Europe), Babesia duncani (formerly known as WA1), Babesia sp. EU1 (provisionally named Babesia venatorum), Babesia odocoilei, possibly other Babesia species ••• 24533312 19210953 11113258 16513280 PMC8228967
Bacillary angiomatosis ••• Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana ••• eMedicine
Bartonellosis ••• Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana (louse-transmitted), Bartonella bacilliformis (present in Peru, Ecuador, & Columbia), Bartonella rochalimae, Bartonella vinsonii subspecies arupensis, Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, Bartonella clarridgeiae, Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella grahamii, Bartonella washoensis, other species of Bartonella (including B. alsatica, B. melophagi) ••• eMedicine 19961681 17553243 16704774 15184475 19331727 GalaxyDiagnostics
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) ••• Propionibacterium acnes ••• 17850358 17006718 15879794
Bilharzia (also known as schistosomiasis or snail fever) ••• Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma hematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma mekongi ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2
Black death ••• Yersinia pestis ••• 20949072
Blastocystosis ••• Blastocystis species subtypes 1-4 (the most common subtypes found in humans) ••• PMC9816782 PMC6664531 PMC5657060 21340563 22350386 19953268 29415532
Botulism ••• Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium baratii ••• CDC
Boutonneuse fever (also known as Mediterranean Spotted Fever) ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
Brill-Zinsser disease ••• Rickettsia prowazekii ••• MedlinePlus
Brucellosis (also known as Malta fever, undulent fever, Bang's disease) ••• Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, Brucella canis ••• eMedicine APHIS
Bubonic plague ••• Yersinia pestis ••• CDC
Buruli ulcer (also known as Bairnsdale ulcer) ••• Mycobacterium ulcerans ••• WHO
C
Cancer, adult T-cell leukemia ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine
Cancer, anorectal - squamous cell carcinoma ••• Human papillomavirus type 16 ••• 12861066
Cancer, B-cell lymphoma ••• Avian leukosis virus, Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus), Simian virus 40 ••• 18024587 9209336 7655018 21399869
Cancer, bladder ••• Schistosoma haematobium ••• 9880476 25566326
Cancer, brain tumors (various types) ••• BK virus, Simian virus 40 ••• 9989448 9776222
Cancer, brain, astrocytoma ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 9989448
Cancer, brain, choroid plexus ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 9989448 9776221 8760294
Cancer, brain, ependymoma ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 9989448 9776221 8760294
Cancer, brain, glioblastoma ••• Human herpesvirus 5 (cytomegalovirus), Simian virus 40, Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18 ••• 21900396 18351367 9989448 25685179
Cancer, breast ••• Human/mouse mammary tumor virus, Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), Bovine leukemia virus, Simian virus 40, Human herpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus), Avian erythroblastosis virus (with breast-relevant oncogenes) ••• 11245493 17875739 17931409 2992089 3754034 18205041 25202681 26332838 PMC5356647
Cancer, Burkitt's lymphoma ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) ••• 18515742
Cancer, cervical ••• Human papillomavirus high-risk types: 16, 18 (most common); 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 82 (less common). Human papillomavirus low-risk types: 6, 11, 26, 40, 42, 53-55, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69-73, 81-84, 89 ••• 25124771 25857319
Cancer, cholangiocarcinoma ••• Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus ••• 15258092 25566326 21603286
Cancer, colon / colorectal ••• JC virus, BK virus, Simian virus 40; Human papillomavirus, especially type 16; Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly called Streptococus bovis biotype 1); Fusobacterium nucleatum, other Fusobacterium species ••• 10377441
12460931 15837733 18505087 17321098 23459622
Cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine
Cancer, esophageal - squamous cell carcinoma ••• Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18 ••• 15693850 17080019 21969503
Cancer, gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• 17727457
Cancer, head & neck squamous cell carcinoma ••• Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially type 16 ••• 12374687 12569557 20226055 23374258 26266234
Cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus); Human herpesvirus 6 ••• 18515742 17607791
Cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma ••• Human herpesvirus 8 ••• 9665995 15660651 17627810
Cancer, kidney (renal) / urinary tract ••• BK virus ••• 11418879 17511691
Cancer, liver (hepatocellular carcinoma) ••• Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter species (possibly Helicobacter hepaticus); Hepatitis C virus: Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K); Hepatitis B virus ••• 18254774 15563667 1668882 11148003 18504216 PMC5192314 eMedicine
Cancer, lung ••• Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18 ••• 18006810 11306446 12461047
Cancer, melanoma ••• Human endogenous retrovirus K ••• 14695188 18198388 16452225 19167380 PMC5270369
Cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma ••• Merkel cell polyomavirus ••• 18202256
Cancer, mesothelioma ••• Simian virus 40 (SV40) ••• 23071320 22677986 17875683
Cancer, mycosis fungoides ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 7860737
Cancer, nasal inverted papilloma ••• Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 ••• 17727781
Cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) ••• eMedicine
Cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus), Simian virus 40 ••• 18282597 21475447 15202523 21399869
Cancer, osteosarcoma ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 9776222 8760294
Cancer, ovarian ••• Human papillomavirus type 16, Human/mouse mammary tumor virus ••• 12915876 16398227 3013624 8494710
Cancer, pancreatic ••• Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) ••• PMC5777511
Cancer, penile - squamous cell carcinoma ••• Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18 ••• 17925550 eMedicine
Cancer, primary effusion lymphoma ••• Human herpesvirus 8, Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) 18628086 15613351
Cancer, prostate ••• Propionibacterium acnes, BK virus, JC virus; Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K); Human endogenous retrovirus E (HERV-E); Human papillomavirus, especially types 16 & 18 ••• 16563091 18160432 18392798 12430138 PMC3705622 PMC4146419 12833471
Cancer, Sezary syndrome ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 7860737
Cancer, sinonasal carcinoma ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) ••• 7777348 7661287
Cancer, skin - basal cell carcinoma ••• Human papillomavirus types 8, 20 (and possibly other high-risk types) ••• 10861635 12750299
Cancer, skin - squamous cell carcinoma (see also Cancer, head & neck squamous cell carcinoma) ••• Human papillomavirus types 5, 8, 15, 17, 38, 50, 88, 95 ••• 18548109 16537831 18503604 17935140
Cancer, stomach (gastric carcinoma) ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• 17727457 17007010 16847081
Cancer, testicular ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus), Human herpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus) ••• 19024602 10360811
Cancer, thyroid anaplastic carcinoma ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 12574230
Cancer, thyroid papillary carcinoma ••• Simian virus 40 ••• 12574230
Cancer, tonsil ••• Human papillomavirus type 16, Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) ••• 16991119 15608419 12447611 11765441
Candidiasis ••• Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, other Candida species ••• eMedicine 18854483 19821642
Carrion's disease (also known as Oroya fever, Verruga peruana) ••• Bartonella bacilliformis ••• eMedicine NIH
Castleman's disease, multicentric ••• Human herpesvirus 8 ••• BioMedCentral 18628086
Cat flea typhus (also known as flea-borne spotted fever) ••• Rickettsia felis ••• PubMedCentral 27155905
Cat scratch fever ••• Bartonella henselae ••• CDC
Cellulitis ••• Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci, other bacteria or fungi (less common) ••• eMedicine
Cercarial dermatitis ••• Schistosoma turkestanicum (also known as Orientobilharzia turkestanicum), Schistosoma spindale, Schistosoma indicum; Trichobilharzia szidati and other Trichobilharzia species; other organisms ••• 21930247 32051431 21660663 CDC
Chagas disease ••• Trypanosoma cruzi ••• MedlinePlus CDC
Chancroid ••• Haemophilus ducreyi ••• eMedicine
Chickenpox ••• Human herpesvirus 3 (also known as varicella-zoster virus) ••• eMedicine
Childbed fever (puerperal fever) ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep); Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep); other bacteria ••• 6385721 Bacteriology
Chlamydia infection (genitourinary) ••• Chlamydia trachomatis ••• eMedicine
Cholera ••• Vibrio cholerae ••• CDC
Chronic fatigue syndrome ••• HTLV-2 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2) ••• 1672770
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, see COPD below
Clonorchiasis ••• Clonorchis sinensis ••• CDC 15258092
Coccidioidomycosis (also known as Valley fever, San Joaquin fever, desert fever, California fever) ••• Coccidioides immitis,
Coccidioides posadasii ••• Mayo eMedicine
Cold sores (also known as fever blisters) ••• Human herpesvirus 1 (also known as Herpes simplex 1); occasionally, Human herpesvirus 2 ••• WebMD
Common Cold ••• Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Coronaviruses, Parainfluenza viruses, Respiratory syncytial virus, Metapneumovirus, Bocavirus ••• CDC CDC CDC
Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts) ••• Human papillomavirus types: 6, 11 (most common); type 2 (occasionally in children); also types 10, 30, 40-45, 51, 54 ••• 23634957 Textbook of Dermatology eMedicine emedtv 19820442
COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ••• These pathogens are secondary to other causes: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae ••• BioMedCentral 15805181 11292642
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease ••• Spiroplasma mirum, other Spiroplasma species ••• 17761489 24423635 22552100
Crohn's disease ••• Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (also known as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis); Ruminococcus gnavus ••• 10189224 17714674 16207995 21167058 31182571
Cryptococcosis ••• Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii ••• eMedicine
Cryptosporidiosis ••• Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum ••• CDC 16041051
Cyclosporiasis ••• Cyclospora cayetanensis ••• CDC
Cystic fibrosis ••• Major pathogens secondary to this genetic disease: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cenocepacia (formerly, B. cepacia), Burkholderia multivorans, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacteria species (non-tuberculous); Fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans ••• 15752680 15516471 16405721 17693140 19533713
Cysticercosis ••• Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 17762788
Cystitis (bladder infection), hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic ••• Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis; other bacteria including Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, and Ureaplasma species; BK virus ••• MedlinePlus InfectiousDisAdvisor MedMicrobiology eMedicine
D
Dandruff ••• Most common: Malassezia restricta, Malassezia globosa; occasionally, Malassezia furfur ••• 30108245 26298017 23106637 22232373 MicrobeWiki
Dengue fever ••• Dengue virus (types 1-4) ••• CDC WHO
Dental bacterial pathogens ••• Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia (also known as Bacteroides intermedius); Streptococcus species: S. gordonii, S. mutans, S. sanguinis; Tannerella forsythensis (forsythia), Treponema denticola; see also Endodontic infection ••• Oralgen 17720781 17277061
Diabetes, type 1 ••• Coxsackievirus B type 4, Parechovirus B (also known as Ljungan virus) ••• 32758075 32927606 7897366 17360338 12376963 28112573
Dicrocoeliasis ••• Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Dicrocoelium chinensis ••• CDC 21929882 21736477
Diphtheria ••• Corynebacterium diphtheriae ••• MedlinePlus
Diphyllobothriasis (broad tapeworm infection) ••• Diphyllobothrium latum, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense ••• 19136438 19523283
E
Ear infection (otitis media) ••• Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly, Branhamella catarrhalis) ••• eMedicine 1513611 eMedicine #2
Eastern equine encephalitis ••• Eastern equine encephalitis virus ••• CDC eMedicine
Echinococcosis •••Echinococcus multilocularis (causes alveolar echinococcus, also known as alveolar hydatid disease); Echinococcus granulosus (causes cystic echinococcus, also known as hydatidosis) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2
Echinostomiasis ••• Echinostoma hortense, E. macrorchis, E. revolutum, E. ilocanum, E. perfoliatum ••• eMedicine
Eczema, atopic ••• Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis ••• 22232373 23341551
Ehrlichiosis ••• Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neorickettsia sennetsu, Ehrlichia ewingii ••• 16482227 17114689 10403852
Elephantiasis ••• Brugia malayi, Wuchereria bancrofti ••• WHO
Encephalitis, Japanese ••• Japanese encephalitis virus ••• CDC
Encephalitis, La Crosse ••• La Crosse virus ••• CDC 9494831
Encephalitis, St. Louis ••• St. Louis encephalitis virus ••• CDC
Endodontic infection ••• Streptococcus species: S. mutans, S. gordonii, S. sanguinis (formerly sanguis); Fusobacterium species: especially F. nucleatum; Porphyromonas species: P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis; Dialister species: D. invisus, D. pneumosintes; Olsenella species: O. uli; Parvimonas micra (formerly known as Peptostreptococcus micros); Peptostreptococcus species: P. stomatis; Tannerella forsythia (also known as Tannerella forsythensis, formerly called Bacteroides forsythus); Treponema species: especially T. denticola; Enterococcus species: E. faecalis and E. faecium; Prevotella species: P. tannerae, P. melaninogenica, P. veroralis, P. nigrescens, P. denticola; Filifactor alocis; Campylobacter rectus; Capnocytophaga ochracea; other numerous oral bacteria ••• 12202557 16000454 16585688 eMedicine 19828883
Eosinophilic meningitis ••• Angiostrongylus cantonensis ••• CDC
Erysipelas ••• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; other streptococcal bacteria ••• eMedicine
Erythema infectiosum ••• Human parvovirus B19 ••• eMedicine
Exanthem subitum (also known as roseola, baby measles, sixth disease, roseola infantum) ••• Human herpesvirus 6B (most common), Human herpesvirus 6A, Human herpesvirus 7 ••• eMedicine Mayo
Eyelash mites ••• Demodex brevis, Demodex folliculorum ••• eMedicine
F
Fascioliasis ••• Fasciola hepatica (common or sheep liver fluke); Fasciola gigantica (a liver fluke, causes "tropical fascioliasis") ••• eMedicine CDC
Fasciolopsiasis ••• Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke) ••• eMedicine CDC
Fever blisters (also known as cold sores) ••• Human herpesvirus 1 (also known as Herpes simplex 1); occasionally, Human herpesvirus 2 ••• WebMD
Fifth disease ••• Human parvovirus B19 ••• eMedicine
Filariasis ••• Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, Dirofilaria species ••• eMedicine
Flea-borne spotted fever (also known as cat flea typhus) ••• Rickettsia felis ••• PubMedCentral 27155905
Flesh-eating bacteria (also known as necrotizing fasciitis) ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep), Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus ••• WebMD NEJM
Flinders island spotted fever ••• Rickettsia honei ••• Aust Publ Health
Food poisoning ••• Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium (also known as S. enterica serovar typhimurium), Staphylococcus species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus ••• eMedicine 11677609 eMedicine #2
G
Gastroenteritis, viral ••• Caliciviruses: Norovirus, Norwalk virus; Rotavirus (especially in infants); Adenovirus types 40 and 41 (especially in children); Astrovirus ••• eMedicine PMC271331
Gastroenteritis, bacterial ••• Most common: certain Salmonella species, especially Salmonella typhimurium & Salmonella enteritidis; Shigella species; pathogenic Escherichia coli; certain Campylobacter species (most common, C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis) ••• MedlinePlus 27337467 PMC6143181 PMC6861584 PMC6750134
Genital herpes ••• Human herpesvirus 2 (also known as Herpes simplex 2); occasionally, Human herpesvirus 1 ••• eMedicine
Genital warts ••• Human papillomavirus types 6, 11 (most common types) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2
German measles (also known as Rubella or 3-day measles) ••• Rubella virus ••• MedlinePlus CDC
Glanders ••• Burkolderia mallei (formerly known as Pseudomonas mallei) ••• CDC 15377793
Glaucoma ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• 12038941 14576945 14975507 17110054
Gnathostomiasis ••• Most common: Gnathostoma spinigerum; other species of Gnathostoma ••• eMedicine
Gongylonemiasis ••• Gongylonema pulcrum ••• 29329982
Gonorrhea ••• Neisseria gonorrhoeae ••• eMedicine
H
Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) disease ••• Haemophilus influenzae type b (formerly, Pfeiffer's bacillus) ••• Bacteriology
Hand, foot and mouth disease ••• Most common: Coxsackievirus A16; less common viruses: Enterovirus 71, Coxsackievirus A6; sporadic occurence: Coxsackieviruses A4-5, A7, A9-10, B1-3, B5 ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 CDC
Heart attack (myocardial infarction) ••• Coxsackievirus B (human), types 2 & 3 ••• 18061067
Heart, myocarditis ••• Coxsackievirus B (human), types 1-5; Human parvovirus B19 ••• 18389726 15579433 12707353 11092665 15085375 16316398 12925460 14689308
Hepatitis ••• Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis D virus, Hepatitis E virus ••• CDC NIH
Herpes zoster (also known as shingles) ••• Human herpesvirus 3 (also known as varicella-zoster virus) ••• Mayo eMedicine
Herpetic whitlow ••• Human herpesvirus 1, Human herpesvirus 2 ••• eMedicine
Histoplasmosis (also known as Darling's disease, reticuloendotheliosis, Ohio Valley disease, African histoplasmosis) ••• Histoplasma capsulatum (also known as Ajellomyces capsulatus) ••• Broad Inst.
Hospital infections (most common) ••• Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (especially MSRA strains), Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter/Enterococci species, Escherichia coli, Fungal species (including Candida parapsilosis & other Candida species), other pathogens ••• eMedicine 18854483
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (also known as tropical spastic paraparesis) ••• Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, also known as human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 or HTLV-1 ••• Merck Manual
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (formerly Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) ••• Anaplasma phagocytophilum ••• 16482227
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis ••• Ehrlichia chaffeensis ••• 16482227
I
Impetigo ••• Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes ••• eMedicine
Indian tick typhus ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ••• Bacteroides fragilis; Fusobacterium species: F. nucleatum, F. varium, F. mortiferum, and possibly other Fusobacterium; Ruminococcus gnavus, Bacteroides caccae ••• 16000463 25102986 27139617 29183332 35237276
Influenza ••• Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Influenza C virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria ••• CDC
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ••• Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium ••• 12057927 Wikipedia
Israeli tick typhus ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
J
Japanese (Oriental) spotted fever ••• Rickettsia japonica ••• CDC
Japanese encephalitis ••• Japanese encephalitis virus ••• CDC
K
Kenya tick typhus ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
L
La Crosse encephalitis ••• La Crosse virus ••• CDC 9494831
Larva currens (also known as cutaneous strongyloidiasis) ••• Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni ••• eMedicine
Lassa fever ••• Lassa virus ••• CDC
Legionnaire's disease ••• Legionella pneumophila ••• CDC MedicineNet
Leishmaniasis (also known as black fever, kala azar, Baghdad boil, Dehli boil, Shahib disease, etc.) ••• Leishmania tropica mexicana, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania aethiopica, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania chagasi ••• CDC eMedicine WHO
Leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease) ••• Mycobacterium leprae ••• MedlinePlus
Leptospirosis ••• Leptospira interrogans sensu lato, Leprospira pomona, Leptospira grippotyphosa, Leptospira ballum, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Leptospira canicola, Leptospira autumnalis, other Leptospira species ••• eMedicine Leptospira
Leukemia, adult T-cell ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine
Listeriosis ••• Listeria monocytogenes ••• CDC
Lou Gehrig's disease (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, motor neuron disease) ••• HTLV-1 (Human lymphotropic virus type 1), Human foamy virus (also known as Human spumaretrovirus), Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), Mycoplasma fermentans, Echovirus 7 ••• 10636120 7595608 11175327 8392664 8393394
Louse-borne relapsing fever ••• Borrelia recurrentis ••• CDC
Lupus (aka systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE) ••• Human endogenous retrovirus HRES-1 ••• 18432409 18240231 10436175
Lyme disease ••• Borrelia burgdorferi (primary species in N. America); Borrelia mayonii; Borrelia garinii (primary species in Europe); Borrelia afzelii (Europe); Borrelia spielmanii (Europe); Borrelia valaisiana (Europe); Borrelia bissettii. These species now also called Borreliella (synonym). ••• CDC CDC ColumbiaUniv 22207749
Lyme disease co-infections ••• Bartonella henselae (also see “Bartonellosis” above); Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilia, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia (Theileria) microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia duncani, Babesia sp. EU1 (provisionally named Babesia venatorum), Powassan virus, Deer tick virus ••• ColumbiaUniv CDC eMedicine CDC 11113258 19210953 16513280 11357992 11716135 15381804 CDC
Lymphogranuloma venereum ••• Chlamydia trachomatis ••• CDC 15472852
Lymphoma, B-cell ••• Avian leukosis virus ••• 18024587 9209336
Lymphoma, Burkitt's ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus) ••• 18515742
Lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine
Lymphoma, Hodgkin's ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus), Human herpesvirus 6 ••• 18515742 17607791
Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus) 18282597
Lymphoma, primary effusion ••• Human herpesvirus 8, Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus) 18628086 15613351
M
Malaria ••• Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ••• CDC (click on “Parasites” tab)
Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis ••• Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia sympodialis ••• eMedicine 22232373
Malta fever (also known as undulent fever) ••• Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis ••• eMedicine APHIS
Mansonellosis ••• Mansonella perstans, Mansonella ozzardi, Mansonella streptocerca ••• CDC
Marseilles fever ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
Measles (rubeola, red measles) ••• Measles virus ••• CDC eMedicine
Measles, German (aka Rubella, 3-day measles) ••• Rubella virus ••• MedlinePlus CDC
Mediterranean spotted fever (also known as boutonneuse fever) ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine 11557893
Melioidosis (also known as Whitmore's disease) ••• Burkholderia pseudomallei ••• CDC PMC5426594
Meningitis, bacterial ••• Various gram-negative bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae (type B), Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus bacteria groups A, B, and G; Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep) ••• CDC MedlinePlus MedlinePlus eMedicine
Meningitis, viral ••• Coxsackie A & B viruses, Echo viruses, Herpesviruses, Enteroviruses #70 & 71, Mumps virus, Polioviruses, other viruses ••• CDC eMedicine MedlinePlus
Metagonimiasis ••• Metagonimus yokogawai, Metagonimus takashii, Metagonimus miyatai ••• CDC
Mononucleosis ••• Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus); Human herpesvirus 5 (also known as Cytomegalovirus) ••• eMedicine MedlinePlus
Morgellon's disease ••• Borrelia burgdorferi ••• 27789971 25879673 23326202
Mosquito-transmitted diseases ••• Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Dengue virus, Ross River virus, Barmah forest virus, Zika virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, LaCrosse encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, Plasmodium malarial species, Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm), other filarial roundworm parasites (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia species) ••• MN Dept of Health AMCA
Motor neuron disease (also known as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, Lou Gehrig disease) ••• HTLV-1, Human foamy virus (also known as Human spumaretrovirus), Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), Mycoplasma fermentans, Echovirus 7 ••• 10636120 12383408 11175327 8392664 26424568
Mucormycosis ••• Rhizopus oryzae (most common, also known as Rhizopus arrhizus); other species from: Mucor, Cunninghamella, Apophysomyces, Absidia, Saksenaea, Rhizomucor organisms ••• eMedicine MicrobeWiki
Multiple sclerosis ••• Human endogenous retrovirus HRES-1, Human herpesvirus 4 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus), Human herpesvirus 6A, Chlamydia pneumoniae, HERV-W (Human endogenous retrovirus type W) ••• 11381188 9345377 1280512 20814489 16909795 15782388 17617614 19368703
Mumps ••• Mumps virus ••• MedlinePlus
Mycosis fungoides (also known as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 7860737
Myocardial infarction (also known as heart attack) ••• Coxsackievirus B (human), types 2 & 3 ••• 18061067
Myocarditis ••• Coxsackievirus B (human), types 1-5; Human parvovirus B19 ••• 18389726 15579433 12707353 11092665 15085375 16316398 12925460 14689308
N
Nail fungus (also known as onychomycosis) ••• Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton interdigitale; Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis ••• eMedicine 30107987 29707676 22954465 DermNetNZ
Necrotizing fasciitis ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep), Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus ••• WebMD NEJM
Neurocysticercosis ••• Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 eMedicine #3 17762788
Nocardiosis ••• Nocardia asteroides, many other Nocardia species ••• eMedicine CDC
North Asian tick typhus (or tick fever, also known as Siberian tick typhus) ••• Rickettsia sibirica ••• 14568744
O
Obesity ••• Adenoviruses type 36, 37, and 5 ••• 20109503 19593728 15611785 26352001
Onchocerciasis (also known as River blindness) ••• Onchocerca volvulus (a nematode); Wolbachia species bacteria (symbiotic with the nematode) ••• eMedicine 30107987 29707676 22954465 DermNetNZ
Onychomycosis (nail fungus) ••• Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton interdigitale; Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis ••• eMedicine
Oroya fever (also known as Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana) ••• Bartonella bacilliformis ••• eMedicine
Osteomyelitis ••• Staphylococcus aureus (primary), Streptococcus species groups A & occasionally B, Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas species, Haemophilus influenzae, other bacteria ••• eMedicine
P
Paracoccidioidomycosis ••• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Paracoccidioides lutzii ••• CDC eMedicine
Paragonimiasis ••• Paragonimus westermani ••• eMedicine
Parkinson's disease ••• Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (formerly called Nocardia asteroides); Nocardia farcinica ••• 12429191 14769363 18538618 29038748
Peptic ulcer (stomach ulcer) ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• NIH MedlinePlus
Periodontitis ••• Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Actinomyces viscosus, Tannerella forsythia (also known as Tannerella forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemeomitans; see also Endodontic infection ••• 25434071 25387289 26313005
Pharyngitis ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (or other group A strep); Corynebacterium haemolyticus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae, other bacteria; many viruses (not limited to respiratory viruses) ••• eMedicine
Piedra ••• Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon ovoides, Trichosporon inkin, Trichosporon mucoides, Trichosporon asteroides, Trichosporon cutaneum, Piedraia hortae (black piedra) •••eMedicine
Piroplasmosis, see Babesiosis
Pityriasis versicolor ••• Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia furfur ••• 11069459 16094290 22232373 DermNetNZ MicrobeWiki
Pityrosporum folliculitis, see Malassezia folliculitis
Plague (also known as black death, bubonic plague) ••• Yersinia pestis ••• CDC
Pneumonia (bacterial) ••• Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common); Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci, Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae ••• CDC CDC
Pneumonia (viral) ••• Most common: Influenza viruses, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus; less common: Rhinovirus, Human metapneumovirus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus ••• eMedicine
Pneumonic plague ••• Yersinia pestis ••• CDC
Polio and Poliomyelitis ••• Polio virus ••• CDC
Pontiac fever ••• Legionella pneumophila ••• CDC
Primary biliary cirrhosis ••• Novosphingobium aromaticivorans ••• 15554995 20161124
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ••• JC virus ••• 11087099
Psittacosis ••• Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci ••• CDC
Psoriasis ••• Human herpesvirus 8 ••• 16230560 18711073
Puerperal sepsis (childbed fever) ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep), other bacteria ••• 6385721 Bacteriology
Pythiosis ••• Pythium insidiosum ••• 20800978 PMC516349
Q
Q fever ••• Coxiella burnetti ••• 19047403 eMedicine
Queensland tick typhus (also known as Australian tick typhus) ••• Rickettsia australis ••• Australia
R
Rabbit fever (tularemia) ••• Francisella tularensis ••• eMedicine
Rabies ••• Rabies virus ••• Rabies
Relapsing fever, louse-borne ••• Borrelia recurrentis ••• eMedicine CDC
Relapsing fever, tick-borne ••• Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia parkeri, Borrelia miyamatoi, Borrelia coriaceae, Borrelia hispanica, Borrelia crocidurae ••• eMedicine CDC CDC CDC 29670860 19861058 30288084 29420552
Rheumatic fever ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) ••• eMedicine
Rickettsialpox ••• Rickettsia akari ••• CDC 17038703 18260508 28846279
Rickettsiosis (non-Spotted fever variety) ••• Rickettsia canadensis; possibly Rickettsia bellii (widespread Rickettsia species known to infect mammals; tick-borne) ••• 4985949 2742443 16223955 16703114
Rickettsiosis (Spotted fever variety) ••• Rickettsia rickettsii (causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever); Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia felis (carried by fleas), Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia africae (African tick-bite fever), Rickettsia conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever), Rickettsia sibirica (North Asian tick-borne fever), Rickettsia akari (causes rickettsialpox) ••• 14999622 16481534 15984913 16223955 20208020
Rift Valley fever ••• Rift Valley fever virus ••• CDC
Ringworm (Tinea infection) ••• Most common: Trichophyton rubrum; Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum ••• eMedicine
River blindness (also known as onchocerciasis) ••• Onchocerca volvulus (a nematode); Wolbachia species bacteria (symbiotic with the nematode) ••• eMedicine
Rocky Mountain spotted fever ••• Rickettsia rickettsii ••• eMedicine
Rosacea ••• Demodex species, Bacillus oleronius, Staphylococcus epidermidis ••• article 22933353 22709541 24248990
Roseola (also known as exanthem subitum, baby measles, sixth disease, roseola infantum) ••• Human herpesvirus 6B (most common); Human herpesvirus 6A, Human herpesvirus 7 ••• eMedicine Mayo
Rubella (also known as German measles, 3-day measles) ••• Rubella virus ••• MedlinePlus CDC
S
Sarcoidosis ••• Mycobacterium tuberculosis, other Mycobacterium species; Propionibacterium acnes ••• 21659662 16926652 25191477 24428939
Scabies ••• Sarcoptes scabiei, type hominis ••• article
Scalded skin syndrome ••• Staphylococcus aureus ••• eMedicine
Scarlet fever ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus) ••• CDC eMedicine
Schistosomiasis (aka bilharzia or snail fever) ••• Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma hematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma mekongi ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2
Schizophrenia ••• HERV-W (Human endogenous retrovirus type W) ••• 21936762 18760403
Scrub typhus ••• Orientia tsutsugamushi; spread via infected chiggers; common in Southeast Asia ••• CDC 28979009
Seborrheic dermatitis ••• Malassezia restricta, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia furfur ••• 22232373 DermNetNZ MicrobeWiki
Serous or Body cavity filariasis ••• see Mansonellosis.
Sezary syndrome ••• Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 7860737
Shigellosis ••• Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii, other Shigella species ••• CDC eMedicine
Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) ••• Human herpesvirus 3 (also known as varicella-zoster virus) ••• eMedicine Mayo
Siberian tick typhus (also known as North Asian tick typhus) ••• Rickettsia sibirica ••• 14568744
SIBO (small intestine bacterial overgrowth) ••• Most common: Escherichia coli; certain Streptococcus species (non-A, non-B, non-D types: i.e., Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus); Lactobacillus species; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterococcus faecalis & Enterococcus faecium; Micrococcus species; Methanobrevibacter smithii (methane-producing), Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus. Other possibilities: Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marscecens, Pasturella multocida, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacteroides species (including Bacteroides melaninogenicus), Veillonella species, Fusobacterium species, Peptostreptococcus species ••• PMC165422 10235214 article 22262197
Sinusitis, bacterial ••• Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus species, Fusobacterium species, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas species, Prevotella species, other bacterial species ••• eMedicine 16272532 eMedicine #2
Sinusitis, fungal ••• Most common: Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus & A. flavus), Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium species and Mucor species; Curvularia lunata & other Curvularia species; Bipolaris, Exserohilum, Alternaria, Drechslera, Helminthosporium, Mortierella, Fusarium, Rhizopus, & other species (see also Zygomycosis) ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 PMC5593913 PMC4988372 PMC4921694
Sinusitis, viral ••• Most common: rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza viruses ••• eMedicine
Sixth disease (also known as exanthem subitum, baby measles, roseola infantum) ••• Human herpesvirus 6B (most common), Human herpesvirus 6A, Human herpesvirus 7 ••• eMedicine Mayo
Sjogren's syndrome ••• Human endogenous retrovirus HRES-1, nontuberculous mycobacteria; Coxsackieviruses: B4, A13, possibly others ••• 1280512 1347429 28486537 15457458
Sleeping sickness (African) ••• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (most severe); Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (most common) ••• WHO MedlinePlus CDC
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth, see SIBO
Smallpox ••• Variola major virus, Variola minor virus ••• eMedicine
South African tick bite fever ••• Rickettsia conorii ••• eMedicine
Southern tick associated rash illness, see STARI
Sparganosis ••• Spirometra species of tapeworm: Spirometra mansoni, Spirometra ranarum, Spirometra mansonoides, Spirometra erinacei, Sparganum proliferum ••• CDC
Sporotrichosis (also known as Rose handlers' disease, Beurmann's disease, Schenck's disease) ••• Sporothrix schenckii (formerly, Sporotrichum schenckii) ••• eMedicine
Spotted fever (also known as Rickettsiosis), see Rickettsiosis (Spotted fever variety)
St. Louis encephalitis ••• St. Louis encephalitis virus ••• CDC
STARI (Southern tick associated rash illness, also known as Masters' disease) ••• Borrelia species, possibly Borrelia lonestari ••• 19522220 ColumbiaUniv
Stomach flu, see Gastroenteritis, acute viral
Stomach ulcer (peptic ulcer) ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• NIH MedlinePlus
Strep throat ••• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) ••• CDC Bacteriology
Strongyloidiasis ••• Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni ••• eMedicine
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ••• Measles virus (defective strain) ••• 12925376
Syphilis ••• Treponema pallidum ••• eMedicine
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, also known as lupus) ••• Human endogenous retrovirus HRES-1 ••• 18432409 18240231 10436175
T
Taeniasis (tapeworm infection) ••• Taenia solium (pork tapeworm - most common); Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm - less common); Taenia asiatica, Taenia hydatigena, Diphyllobothrium latum, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense (fish or broad tapeworm), Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm), Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis ••• eMedicine eMedicine #2 17762788
Tetanus (also known as lockjaw) ••• Clostridium tetani ••• eMedicine
Thai tick typhus ••• Rickettsia honei ••• 11716110
Thelaziasis ••• Thelazia species, especially Thelazia callipaeda (Oriental eyeworm), T. californiensis (California eye worm), and T. gulosa (cattle eyeworm) ••• CDC 16995411
Thrush ••• Candida albicans ••• eMedicine
Tick-borne relapsing fever ••• Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia parkeri, Borrelia turicatae, Borrelia persica ••• CDC 26169028
Tinea infection (skin fungal infection, including ringworm) ••• Most common: Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. schoenleinii, T. violaceum, T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes; Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii, Epidermophyton floccosum. Others: Arthroderma obtusum, Arthroderma gypseum, other Microsporum species, Nannizzia species ••• eMedicine
Tinea pedis (foot fungal infection) ••• Trichophyton rubrum (most common); Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum ••• eMedicine
Tinea versicolor ••• Malassezia species, often Malassezia globosa & Malassezia furfur ••• eMedicine
Tonsillitis ••• Streptococcus pyogenes, other pathogens ••• eMedicine
Tooth decay (caries) ••• Streptococcus mutans ••• MicrobeWiki
Toxic shock syndrome ••• Staphylococcus aureus, group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) ••• eMedicine
Toxoplasmosis ••• Toxoplasma gondii ••• eMedicine Toxoplasmosis
Trachoma (eye disease) ••• Chlamydia trachomatis ••• eMedicine
Trench fever (louse-transmitted) ••• Bartonella quintana ••• CDC
Trichinosis ••• Trichinella spiralis, other species of Trichinella ••• eMedicine
Trichomoniasis ••• Trichomonas vaginalis ••• eMedicine
Trichostrongylosis ••• Trichostrongylus species, including T. axei, T. orientalis, and T. colubriformis ••• CDC
Tropical spastic paraparesis (also known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy) ••• Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, also known as human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 or HTLV-1 ••• Merck Manual
Trypanosomiasis, African ••• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (most severe); Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (most common) ••• WHO MedlinePlus CDC
Trypanosomiasis, American ••• Trypanosoma cruzi ••• MedlinePlus CDC
Tuberculosis ••• Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis ••• eMedicine CDC APHIS
Tularemia (rabbit fever) ••• Francisella tularensis ••• eMedicine
Typhoid fever ••• Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi; Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar paratyphi A ••• 15531882
Typhus ("endemic" or "murine" typhus) ••• Rickettsia typhi; spread via infected fleas ••• CDC MedlinePlus
Typhus ("epidemic" typhus) ••• Rickettsia prowazekii; spread via infected lice ••• CDC MedlinePlus
Typhus (scrub), see Scrub typhus
U
Ulcerative colitis ••• Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (also known as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) ••• 21167058
Ulcers (peptic or stomach) ••• Helicobacter pylori ••• NIH MedlinePlus
Undulent fever (also known as Malta fever) ••• Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis ••• eMedicine APHIS
Urinary tract infection (urethritis) ••• Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Proteus mirabilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Enterococcus faecalis, Aerococcus urinae, other bacteria ••• eMedicine 16135568 eMedicine #2 1500498 eMedicine #3
V
Valley fever (also known as coccidioidomycosis, San Joaquin fever, desert fever, California fever) ••• Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioides posadasii ••• Mayo eMedicine
Venezuelan equine encelphalitis ••• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ••• eMedicine
Verruga peruana (also known as Oroya fever, Carrion's disease) ••• Bartonella bacilliformis ••• eMedicine NIH
W
Warts, common (Verruca vulgaris) ••• Human papillomavirus types 1, 2 (common); 4, 7, 27, 29, 57, 60, 65 ••• Merck Manual 1764803 Textbook of Dermatology
Warts, filiform (thread-like wart, a variant of common wart) ••• Human papillomavirus types 1, 2, 4, 27, 29 •••
Warts Information Center
Warts, flat (Verruca plana) ••• Human papillomavirus types 3, 10, 28, 38, 41, 49 ••• Merck Manual Textbook of Dermatology
Warts, genital (also known as “Condyloma acuminatum”) ••• Human papillomavirus types: 6, 11 (most common); type 7; type 2 (occasionally in children); also types 10, 30, 40-45, 51, 54 ••• eMedicine 23634957 Textbook of Dermatology emedtv PMC6746260 19820442
Warts, plantar ••• Human papillomavirus types 1 (most common), 2, 4 ••• 2850937 6290785 Merck Manual Textbook of Dermatology
West Nile disease ••• West Nile disease virus ••• eMedicine
Whipple's disease ••• Tropheryma whipplei ••• 12606174
Whitmore's disease (also known as melioidosis) ••• Burkholderia pseudomallei ••• CDC
Whooping cough ••• Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis ••• Bacteriology eMedicine
Y
Yellow fever ••• Yellow fever virus ••• MicrobeWiki
Z
Zygomycosis (also known as Mucormycosis, invasive fungal sinusitis) ••• Rhizopus species (most common); Rhizopus oryzae (formerly, Rhizopus arrhizus), Rhizopus rhizopodiformis; Mucor species, Cunninghamella species; other fungal species including Apophysomyces, Absidia, Saksenaea, Rhizomucor, Mortierella, Entomophthora, Conidiobolus, Basidiobolus, and others ••• eMedicine